Weiter zum Inhalt

Faʿ*l forms in Sudanese Arabic: the reassertion of morphology


Seiten 36 - 67

DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/zeitarabling.53.0036




It initially seems possible to analyse Central Urban Sudanese Arabic (CUSA) as having a single non-verbal {faʿ*l} morpheme with /faʿal/, /faʿl/, /faʿul/ and /faʿil/ allomorphs in complementary distribution. This elegant initial hypothesis, however, proves unsustainable: ‘faʿal’ contrasts directly with ‘faʿil’ in forms such as laḥam ‘meat’ vs. laḥim ‘[action of] welding’, ‘faʿul’ contrasts directly with ‘faʿil’ in forms such as jazur ‘butcher's area’ vs. jazir ‘[action of] cutting up meat’, and various other less direct contrasts establish an opposition between ‘faʿl’ and ‘faʿil’. There are, however, apparently no contrasts between ‘faʿal’ and ‘faʿul’, ‘faʿal’ and ‘faʿl’, or ‘faʿul’ and ‘faʿl’. It is, accordingly, argued that in present-day CUSA, /faʿal/. /faʿul/ and /faʿl/ are all allomorphs of a {faʿXl} morpheme, contrasting with a {faʿil} morpheme. At an earlier stage, however, there may have been a single non-verbal {faʿ*l} morpheme with /faʿal/, /faʿl/, /faʿul/ and /faʿil/ allomorphs in complementary distribution. The generalisation of the faʿil pattern for Measure I verbal nouns may have played a central role in developing the {faʿil} vs. {faʿXl} morpheme distinction.

School of Languages, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.

1 ANDERSON, J. (1991): Kabardian disemvolled, again. Studia Linguistica 45, 18–48.

2 BERGMAN, E. M. (2002): Spoken Sudanese Arabic: grammar, dialogues, and glossary. Springfield: Dunwoody Press.

3 BLAIR, P. (1983): The segmental phonemes of Sudanese Arabic. PhD thesis: University of Exeter.

4 CATFORD, J.C. (1977): Fundamental problems in phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

5 CLEMENTS, G.N. (1990): The role of the sonority hierarchy in core syllabification. In: KINGSTON, J. and BECKMAN, M. (eds.): Papers in laboratory phonology I: between the grammar and physics of speech. Cambridge: Cambridge Unversity Press. Pp. 283–333.

6 CLEMENTS, G.N. and KEYSER, S.J. (1983): CV phonology: a generative theory of the syllable. Cambridge: MIT Press.

7 COLLINS, B. and MEES, I. (1996): The phonetics of English and Dutch. Leiden: Brill.

8 DICKINS, J. (1998): Extended axiomatic linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

9 DICKINS, J. (2006): The verb base in Central Urban Sudanese Arabic. In: EDZARD, L. and WATSON, J.C.E. (eds.): Grammar as a window onto Arabic humanism: a collection of articles in honour of Michael G. Carter. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Pp. 155–195.

10 DICKINS, J. (2007): Sudanese Arabic: phonematics and syllable structure. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

11 HALL, T.A. (2002): Against extrasyllabic consonants in German and English. Phonology 19:1. Pp. 33–75.

12 HAMID, A.H.M. (1984): A descriptive analysis of Sudanese colloquial Arabic phonology. PhD dissertation: University of Illinois.

13 HESELWOOD, B. (1992): Extended axiomatic-functionalist phonology: an exposition with application to Arabic. PhD thesis: University of Ulster.

14 HILLELSON, S. (1930): Sudan Arabic: An English-Arabic vocabulary. London: Sudan Government.

15 JAKOBSON, R. (1957): Mufaxxama: the “emphatic” phonemes in Arabic. In: PULGRAM, E. (ed.). Studies presented to Joshua Whatmough. The Hague: Mouton.

16 KUIPERS, A.H. (1968): Phoneme and morpheme in Kabardian (East Adyghe). The Hague: Mouton.

17 LANDAU, S. (2001): Dictionaries: the art and craft of lexicography. Cambridge: Cambridge Univerity Press.

18 LAUFER, A. and CONDAX, I.D. (1981): The epiglottis as an articulator. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. Vol. 9, 2. Pp. 50–56.

19 MACNEILAGE, P.F. (1997): Acquisition of speech. In: HARDCASTLE, W.J. and LAVER, J. (eds.): The handbook of phonetic sciences. Oxford: Blackwell. Pp. 301–332.

20 MUSTAPHA, ABDEL RAHMAN (1982): La phonologie de l'arabe soudanais (phonématique et accentuation, Tome 1). PhD thesis: Paris: Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.

21 OWENS, J. (2006): A linguistic history of Arabic. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

22 PERSSON, A. and PERSSON, J. (1980): Sudanese Colloquial Arabic for beginners. Horselys Green: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

23 REICHMUTH, S. (1983): Der Arabische Dialekt der Šukriyya im Ostsudan. Hildesheim: Georg Olms AG.

24 SIBAWAYH, UTHMAN (1970): Al-Kitaab. H. Derenbourg, ed. Hildesheim: Georg Olms AG.

25 SPENCER, A. (1991): Morphological theory: an introduction to word structure in generative grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.

26 TRAUNMüLLER, H. (1999): Coarticulatory effects of consonants on vowels and their reflection in perception. Proceedings of the XIIth Swedish Phonetics Conference. Stockholm: University of Stockholm. Pp. 141–144. Accessed from: www.ling.su.se/staff/hartmut/aktupub.htm.

27 TRIMINGHAM, J. SPENCER (1946): Sudanese Colloquial Arabic. London-Oxford: Oxford University Press.

28 VAN DE VELDE, H. and VAN HOUT, R., (eds.) (2001): r-atics: sociolinguistic, phonetic and phological characteristics or /r/. Special issue of Études et Travaux 4. Brussels: Institut des Langues Vivantes et de Phonétique, Université Libre de Bruxelles.

29 WATSON, J.C.E. (1989): Aspects of the verbal phonology and morphology of three Yemeni dialects. PhD thesis: University of London.

30 WATSON, J.C.E. (2002): The phonology and morphology of Arabic. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

31 WORSELY, A. (1925): Sudanese Grammar. London: Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge.

Empfehlen


Export Citation